Hi Stephen,
Let me split your question into two areas,
Your last point that questions the value of the effort we put into CO2 reductions and and general recycling may seem like a drop in the ocean, but to pinch a phrase 'Every little helps'. Not only does it make us feel good about doing our bit, but if it shows others that it can be done, then the the snow ball will grow.
But your first point has many ramifications, and it does concern me how our Government is using the pretext of saving the planet to apply more and more taxes and continue to project further tax increases on the back of 'green' policies.
There is no positive incentive to get people to recycle. They are ready to fine us for transgressions, and the the inconsistencies about what you can recycle and where are so great it is another example of a post code lottery. When I look at our household waste, the vast majority is packaging both by volume and weight. It is my opinion that many items are vastly over packaged, and could be just as easily distributed with less.
Junk Mail and free newspapers represents 75% of our paper waste, and irony considering the credit crunch I an receiving up to 8 letters a week trying to get me to sign up to new credit cards!
But it doesn't have to be that way!
Government should be bringing pressure to bear on all manufacturers to use materials that can be easily recycled and to cut down on the amount of packaging they use. The food industry should also be looking very closely at packing and display materials.
Bring back reusable glass milk and pop bottles.
In British Columbia, Canada, they have some very effective recycling, and it is done by private companies, You take your waste to a centre and best of all they pay you by weight or qty for what you bring. All plastics are sorted and accepted, Clothes, tyres and batteries etc.
There is money back on pop bottles and cans (like we used to do), so there is less litter.
Now that is an incentive, rather than being fined for minor transgressions, so it can be done.