On our Citroen (new last August), plugging in a trailer disables the reversing sensors and enables trailer bulb failure warning. It also turns off the lane departure control and car rear fog lights (putting the caravan ones on instead).
What it DOESN'T do - which I would much prefer it to do - is talk to the built-in satnav and tell it that different speed limits now apply. It's a very small annoyance, but give how smart the car is in other aspects it doesn't feel like it ought to be difficult to do.