Hey ho in for penny in for a pound.
We need to be clear which products we are writing about.
The Fridge: has the two horizontal rectangular vents in the side wall mounted above each other.
Most caravan fridges (Three fuel versions) use a clever process called absorption. This uses a heat source to drive a vapour/liquid exchange system. Its great for most UK users as it can be powered by 230V mains, gas or 12V dc, all of which are available at different times for most caravans. It has no mechanical moving parts, so it's generally very quiet, and lighter than equivalent compressor driven fridges, which is great for small spaces like caravans.
All fridges need to get rid of the heat they pull from enclosed space, so they tend to have a radiator coil at the back and this needs free flowing ambient air to take the excess heat away. Its not widely known but most fridges have a minimum temperature for the ambient below which the fridge will loose performance and eventually stop working. absorption fridges are more sensitive to this than compressor driven ones and as caravans are increasingly used all year round or indeed abroad in more severe conditions it can be necessary to limit the free flow of air around the back of the fridge to keep it working. At what temperature the vents need to be restricted will be determined by the fridge manufacture, but as a generalised guide anything below about 5C and the vents may need restricting.
These vents also serve a second purpose. If the fridge is being used on gas, then both the gas burner and the flue exit needs free access to fresh air. Without this, the gas burner may not ignite, go out, or it could start to burn very dirtily (solid yellow 'candle' flame with black tip) Generally there are separate sections in the vent slots or plastic mouldings specifically for gas side of things, and any supplied 'winter' covers will leave these sections open so gas can be used.
Its best to get hold of the instruction book for the model of fridge you have. You could try the manufacturer's website.
Water Heater (TRUMA single vent cover) though similar points may apply to other manufacturers products)
Most of the water heaters fitted since 1995 will be dual fuel devices using 230 Main and LPG gas. As with the fridge above if gas is being used the burner needs access to fresh air. In the case of the Truma it uses a single vent moulding which allows for a 'balanced flue' operation. For the burner to work the solid vent cover must be removed.
However if the Truma is only being used on mains 230V power then there is no need to have the external cover off,and in fact with the cover on it will prevent fresh air circulating through the gas and flue ways and reduce the cooling effect of that air motion.