In terms of running costs between Air Fryer's and conventional electric ovens, Assuming the items to be heated can fit inside the air fryer in one go, there are several reasons why an Air Fryer is more energy effective.
If you compare most conventional electric caravan ovens to Air Fryers, the oven will be a physically bigger cooking volume, which automatically means it has more internal surface area than an air fryer that needs to be raised in temperature. This means there will be more surface that needs to be heated, and that uses more energy and time before you even start cooking.
There will always be some conducted heat losses through the walls of both items, This will give rise to both convection and radiative losses. However both types of heat losses are principally governed by the temperature of the surface relative to its surroundings, so heat loss is expressed as Watts per square meter per temp difference A small surface area at the cooking temperature will lose less energy than a larger surface at the same temperature, so by area alone, a conventional oven will lose more heat than the Air Fryer.
Both types of oven have to have some ventilation to prevent pressure or rarefaction differences with the ambient air. The amount of ventilation will of course be down to the design of the appliance. But with an air fryer there are often different cooking modes, some of which might use forced ventilation, and others purely passive ventilation, so its difficult to offer a generalised differentiation on this point
Most Air fryers instructions will tell you to use a lower cooking temperature than for the same job in a conventional oven, that will use less energy. They may also advise you to reduce the cooking time again saving more energy
It is impossible to be precise without specific examples, but it is my estimation that an air fryer will typically use only 60% of the energy a conventional oven would use to cook the same items.