I think Australia can be trusted and Mexico could be persuaded by their large neighbour to the north. As for Cornwall nuff said.
There’s no end date for ICE usage only that in Europe the sale of hybrids ceases in 2035. I’m sure that between now and then there will be interesting developments and the wider use of fuel cells might be one of the options, but refuelling infrastructure would need to be rolled out so that range anxiety isn’t an issue.
If there's a Lithium shortage, it'll restrict the rate of all types of EV production unless and until a Lithium-free battery is put into production - while politicians won't want to do an about-face, they can simply defer the 2030/2035 dates for ending the sale of IC/hybrid cars if insufficient EVs can be built to satisfy demand.
Sure. Hybrid use batteries around 1KWh, plug-in hybrid 8 to 30 kWh, hydrogen fuel cell around 20-30kWh, Full BEV 20 to 80kWh (with a few around 100kWh).
In our first house we had all electric heating installed. It was a delight individual thermostats in each room and and two different programmable heating zones. No servicing required, no leaks and almost instant response. The downside was in the mid 70s it wasn’t cheap to run. Now turn the clock on 50 years and in our recent kitchen modernisation we ditched a range with gas hobs and three electric ovens for an all gas cooker. More environmentally friendly and on the saving in energy costs it will pay for itself before its five year warranty expires. I would love to move to all electric but at present costs mitigate against it. However in the future if sufficient renewable energy (or nuclear) is produced then the transition to domestic electric is feasible.
Really interesting paper. I am a Cornishman born & bred... In the day, when I was a youngster St Austell and area was awful. The Mining methods for china clay were extraordinarily invasive and the area was covered in white spoil heaps and huge pits. The amazing thing is that the development of the process is now such that more clay than ever is being produced, albeit with a vastly reduced workforce (I have seen figures but can't now find them).
I also remember the fine white dust that would sometimes settle around the mines. There was a China clay mine at Lee Moor Cornwood just outside of Plymouth but not as extensive as the Cornish ones. You dreaded meeting one of the trucks as when we lived in the area the roads hadn’t been given much attention to the needs of larger vehicles.
Why would they want more employment when plenty job opportunities for parking meter wardens in Cornwall?
Back in the 80s I did business with The Goonvean and Rostowrack China Clay Company. The white China clay dust and mounds are legendary. I believe a lot of the disused tin mines contain rare elements .But then the anti mining brigade will stop any works😉
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