I am aware of two methods of monitoring the inflation of the tyres, there is the pressure sensing caps which have been part of the discussion so far. These do monitor the actual air pressure in the tyre. and communicate the values by transmitting a unique RF signal which is detected and decoded by the receiver. All the valve caps need a battery and eventually they will run down, so to preserve the battery life, they detect the motion of the wheel and only transmit when the wheel is rotating.Tyre pal is very good, the only thing I dislike is the fact the wheel sensors don’t wake up say when you turn the screen on only after you have driven a short distance
The other system I'm aware of as used on my VW Passat: it operates on the principle that if all the tyres are correctly inflated they should all have the same distance from the road to the centre of the axle stub, and thus when traveling in a straight ahead direction all the wheels should rotate at the same angular velocity. If any tyre begins to lose pressure compared to the other wheels the distance between the axle and road will reduce slightly and its angular velocity will increase. The system detects the change and flags a warning in the display.
The ABS method has both some advantages and disadvantages, it's always self contained and does not need the sensors or the receiver to have a battery charged or changed. It can't show actual tyre pressures or temperatures. it can only alert when a tyre is acting differently to the rest. In theory it might be activated if the vehicle is set up when empty, but is the heavily loaded so the rear tyres are carrying far more load than the front. It might also activate if tyre wear is uneven.