The UK's initial approach was to try and develop a herd immunity, unfortunately the virus has proven to be more virile than had been hoped, and the softly softly approach was not containing the infection, meaning it was necessary to clamp down.
The major problem is there is a perception that young fit people are likely to survive it without major difficulties and this has led to complacency. Unfortunately it seems to be so much more risky for older and infirm people.
The concept of developing a herd immunity is to reduce the number of recipients in close vicinity for the virus to be passed onto. In theory this will make it harder for the virus to spread and it should mean infection rates should diminish, and eventually stop even though there are still potential victims still uninfected.
What seems to have happened is Covid-19 is two fold, Firstly once infected a person can carry and spread infection for possibly 4 days before they start to feel ill. And secondly it has proven more resilient and persistent, meaning the pathogen can remain active on surfaces for longer than was expected, and more people can latently pick up the infection.
I am very concerned because there will be people who have stopped at home and do have the virus. Some people get very mild symptoms and may not notice they actually have the infection, consequently they will socialise with other members of the household, and the virus finds another victim. This prolongs the infection. As controls are relaxed it almost certain the virus will break out again for a second phase, and presumably similar recurrences will happen a number of times until there are no more potential victims.
Unfortunately those who have managed to remain virus free throughout this first or subsequent waves will still be just as vulnerable.
Each phase should see fewer infections, and the and eventually the herd immunity will cause the virus to die out. If a vaccine becomes widely available this will be the most effective way to eradicate the Virus sooner.
I note on the news yesterday that the medication used in the Ebola outbreak has been reported to show some effect, but how much use it may have will have to be seen.