We are talking about a removable towball here with no protruding brackets, etc. so pedestrian safety is not affected.
The towball attachment must be far enough behind the bumper so as not to affect the energy absorbing characteristics of the front end of the car, but even that is not an insurmountable problem.It is not just about protrusion.
If the front of the vehicle is made stronger to support the stress and strain of a tow ball the front of the vehicle is more rigid and will not deform to protect the pedestrian in the event of an accident.
If the vehicle has deformable bumpers,bonnets etc and we fit an internal non protruding strut, girder, bar to support the tow hook then we are down grading the pedestrian protection that has been deliberatly engineered into the vehicle.